Friday, March 28, 2014

Torn -- Part 1




For most of 15 chapters, Mark's writing has been short and sweet -- without flourishing touches or elaboration on events. Why should these two verses be any different? Simply stated yet seemingly minus connection, one verse is set at the temple with the other at Golgotha.

Compare what Mark wrote to Matthew 27:51-54 and Luke 23:44-47. Notice how the order and description of "what" and "when" slightly changed. Plus there's a doozy of a jaw-dropper in Matthew: "many bodies of the saints" previously dead "came out of the tombs and entered the holy city."

Within these three gospel accounts, no matter how it was relayed, the essence of the narrative remained the same. The curtain of the temple was torn in two; the centurion witnessed Jesus' death and had something to say about it. Two happenings with great meaning.

"And the curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom."

At first glance, there's one curtain at the temple's holy place. But weren't there two? From what was written in Hebrews 9:3: "Behind the second curtain was a tent called the Holy of Holies."[i] Exodus 26:31-33 shares more about this beautifully crafted tapestry. It was made "of blue, purple and crimson yarns, and of fine twisted linen; it shall be made with cherubim skillfully worked into it. …and the curtain shall separate for you the holy place from the most holy."

Once a year on the "Day of Atonement," otherwise known as Yom Kippur, the high priest entered "the most holy" -- the Holy of Holies. "For on this day atonement shall be made for you, to cleanse you; from all your sins you shall be clean before the LORD."[ii] To be cleansed meant the high priest made atonement sacrifice -- such as described in Leviticus 16 -- for his sins and for those of the Jewish people.

The atonement sacrifice has been a key "faith" point for a majority of the Christian community. Two verses from Hebrews 9 stand out. "But when Christ came as a high priest of the good things that have come,… he entered once for all into the Holy Place, not with the blood of goats and calves, but with his own blood, thus obtaining eternal redemption"[iii] along with "he has appeared once for all at the end of the age to remove sin by the sacrifice of himself."[iv]

In the atonement theory, the torn curtain, the Holy of Holies, Yom Kippur, the high priest, and the sacrificial blood offering link together. We are no longer separated from God, because Jesus gave "his life a ransom for many."[v] Christ's death was a divine punishment and a payment owed -- an atonement.

Was it though? Is this how it went down?

Taking a step back, let's consider the temple curtains to glean understanding.
* The first veil separated the outer court of common worshippers from the entrance into a room known as the Holy Place of the tabernacle. No one other than the priests had access to this area.
* Within the Holy Place was an inner room separated by a second veil. Only the high priest could enter this sacred space known as the Holy of Holies -- God's special dwelling place.

So, which of the two curtains was torn? Did one have more importance than the other? If the second drapery was the one that was torn -- hidden from view by the commoners -- just the priests would've seen it. We know though from Isaiah 56:7-8: "…my house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples. Thus says the Lord GOD, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, I will gathers others to them besides those already gathered."[vi]

How powerful would it have been if the outer drapery (the first one) had been torn and was seen by all?

What if both veils were torn -- incorporating the use of a singular "curtain" to have a plural meaning? One separated the people from the priests; the other separated the priests from the high priest who had right of entry to the Holy of Holies. Then there's a witness by the people, for all of the people,… that everyone has access to God through the high priest Jesus Christ.

Which leads back to the atonement theory. Jesus sacrificed himself to atone for our sins. His blood had to be shed. He had to provide his body as an offering, to be the sacrificial lamb. This type of belief has been incessantly hammered into the minds of Christians and others.

Is that really what the first Christians believed? Or was an atonement interpretation of Jesus' sacrifice tacked on years later by writers and theologians? Was a blood sacrifice even required for atonement?

In the Bible, atonement alternatives were actually declared. Furthermore, the sacrificial system was called into question by the Old Testament prophets.

2 Chronicles 7:14 -- "If my people who are called by my name humble themselves, pray, seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land."[vii]

Isaiah 1:11-18 -- "What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices? Says the LORD; I have had enough burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fed beasts; I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of goats. When you come to appear before me, who asked this from your hand? Trample my courts no more; bringing offerings is futile;… cease to do evil, learn to do good; seek justice, rescue the orphan, plead for the widow."[viii]

Hosea 6:6 -- "For I desire steadfast love and not sacrifice, the knowledge of God rather than burnt offerings."[ix]


One of the more familiar passages comes from the book of Micah. "Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, with ten thousand of rivers of oil? Shall I give my firstborn from my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul? He has told you, O mortal, what is good; what does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God."[x]

Yes, Christ died for us. Was that his mission though? Or was his mission to make visible the reign of God? The temple curtain being torn was use of amazing imagery -- signifying Christ reconciled us to the divine presence of God. And yet,…

There is even more to the story within these two verses written by Mark.

NEXT
Part 2 -- a beginning,… an end


[i] Hebrews 9:3 (NRSV)
[ii] Leviticus 16:30 (NRSV)
[iii] Hebrews 9:11 (NRSV)
[iv] Hebrews 9:26 (NRSV)
[v] Mark 10:45 (NRSV)
[vi] Isaiah 56:7-8 (NRSV)
[vii] 2 Chronicles 7:14 (NRSV)
[viii] Isaiah 1:11-18 (NRSV)
[ix] Hosea 6:6 (NRSV)
[x] Micah 6:7-8 (NRSV)

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