Friday, January 10, 2014

The Three's Are Wild




Upon arriving at the garden in Gethsemane, what did Jesus do? He asked his disciples to sit while he prayed. The calm before the storm.

Where was Judas in all of this? Most accounts indicate Judas' absence. During the Last Supper, Judas' betrayal was mentioned in John 13:21-30 and Matthew 26:25. His departure from the upper room proceedings was to handle a Festival matter or to help with the poor; nevertheless, he didn't return to the group soon thereafter.

If one person though was missing from the group for a lengthy period of time, especially after Jesus stated someone would betray him, wouldn't that have sent up a red flare? An all-alert for the remaining disciples? Who wouldn’t be wide-eyed and on edge?

And the writer of Mark never alluded to Judas' departure from the upper room.

Consider Judas was with Jesus and the disciples at Gethsemane. If he made the choice to follow-through with his betrayal, now was the opportunity. Jesus provided Judas with particulars of his whereabouts, that he would be here praying, and... it was far enough away from Jerusalem to not cause harm to innocent bystanders in a confrontation.

As stated previously, Jesus left nothing to chance.

Before Jesus prays, he leaves nine disciples near the entrance to the garden. When walking a bit further with three of his leaders -- Peter, James and John, Jesus becomes "distressed and agitated," "deeply grieved, even to death."

From a "human" perspective, one can understand why. Jesus knows what is about to happen. One of his own will betray him; all of his disciples will soon desert him; one of him most trusted followers will even deny knowing him. Add his pending execution and what will take place between the garden and the cross, the inner emotions of anticipation have reached a boiling point.

Jesus needs to pray. He must pray. In the meantime, all he asks is for his three friends to simply sit nearby and stay awake.

Only a stone's throw away, Jesus prays fervently for an hour. During this time, he expresses his concerns to Abba -- "Daddy" -- making it all the more personal and intimate.

Isn't this something to which we can relate? Think back to childhood when a hurt or injury occurred in our lives, where all went wrong. While our parents may have been respectfully addressed as "Father" or "Mother," when in anguish, distress or pain, we called them "Daddy" or "Mommy." That deep intimacy between a child and parent still happens even in adulthood.

Within Jesus' prayer(s) that evening, three things transpire: acknowledgment ("all things are possible" through God), the "ask" (if possible, "remove this cup from me"), acceptance ("yet, not what I want, but what you want").

Was it wrong of Jesus to ask for the cup to be removed? Did acceptance come after the "first" prayer? Did acceptance mean understanding?

Isaiah 51 provides an example of where God removed "the cup of wrath" from his people (Israel). Yes, all things are possible. Just not this time.

One hour later, Jesus returns to find his three key leaders asleep. "Simon, could you not keep awake one hour?" His use of "Simon" instead of Peter, almost comes across as a chide.

What follows Jesus' question is important. "Keep awake and pray that you may not come into the time of trial." "The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak." "Flesh in biblical thought describes the whole person as blind to God and driven by selfish concerns; spirit is the person as alive to God." [i]

Jesus returns to his place in the garden to pray, "saying the same words." And when he comes back a second time to his three key leaders, what does he find? The trio asleep, again. "They did not know what to say to him."

A third time, Jesus goes away to pray. It is here in the third hour of prayer that Jesus accepts what is to come. Sometimes we must accept even when not fully understanding.

"For most of us prayer serves as a resource to help in a time of testing or conflict. For Jesus, it was the battle itself. Once the Gethsemane prayers had aligned him with the Father's will, what happened next was merely the means to fulfill it." [ii]

Back to Judas. When Jesus went to pray, he left the nine near the garden's entrance. Those disciples fell asleep as well. It seems no one was overly concerned by Jesus' prior warnings or that a betrayer might be in their midst.

If Jesus' prayers in the garden were an hour each, then at least three hours passed. Having this much time allowed Judas to sneak from the premises like a thief in the night, provide the necessary details to the Jewish authorities who were at the ready, and return to Gethsemane to have Jesus arrested.

The three's were wild. In three hours, three key leaders took three naps during three of Jesus' prayers which included 1) acknowledgment, 2) an "ask" and 3) acceptance. And forthcoming would be the predicted three denials uttered by Peter.

NEXT
The kiss of death; how many people does it take to arrest one man?


[i] HarperCollins Bible Commentary -- p. 921
[ii] Prayer -- Does It Make Any Difference, Philip Yancey -- p. 86

Friday, January 3, 2014

Strike the Shepherd




"Jesus was messing up the schedule," as stated by Norma *. The Passover script that Jesus used wasn't the script known by his disciples.

From the upper room of the house owned by the father of John Mark (author of the Gospel of Mark), as indicated by Acts 12:12, they walked to the Mount of Olives, singing. "The Passover hymns were Psalms 114, 115, 118 -- the Hallel psalms." [i]

But why? Why journey across the Kidron Valley from Jerusalem in the dark?

One would think there would've been a garden in Jerusalem which they could've used. Yet, there weren't any gardens in Jerusalem. "The city was too crowded, and there was a strange law that the city's sacred soil might not be polluted with manure for the gardens. But some of the rich and well-to-do people possessed private gardens out on the Mount of Olives where they took their rest." [ii]

In fact, the location to which they traveled -- Gethsemane -- was a frequent meeting place for Jesus and his disciples (John 18:2). "Not implausibly, some have even suggested that this too was a piece of property made available to Jesus by that well-meaning man in Jerusalem -- the father of John Mark." [iii]

Between the upper room and the garden in Gethsemane was a connection with a person who unquestionably believed in the ministry of Jesus,… and in Christ as the Messiah.

Did You Know...?
"In Jesus' day, the Mount of Olives would have been covered with olive trees, but many of these would have been destroyed by the Roman legions under Titus in the siege of AD 70. So the present olive trees, though extremely ancient, probably date from a slightly later period." [iv]

For about 40 minutes, Jesus and the disciples walked -- start to finish. In their journey across the valley, Jesus makes a straight-forward yet severe statement -- "You will all become deserters."  Some believe Jesus told his disciples they would flee because that's what Scripture stated.

From the viewpoint though of those who opposed Jesus, what might be their best strategy? If chaos was the end-game, does it not make sense to "take out" the leader? By taking that type of action, those following Jesus would most likely scatter the way of the four winds.

Jesus knew his team -- top-to-bottom, the strengths and flaws of everyone. Well-versed in the Old Testament, he used Zechariah 13:7 to make it clear. "They are coming for my head, and when they do, you will flee. That's their plan, because they believe it will bring the end to this ministry of Good News."

Understandably, especially having followed someone (in this case, Jesus) for three years, one's immediate reaction would be, "No way! That's not going to happen. And even if it did, I'd never leave your side."

Peter falls in line with that thought process, but takes it a prideful step further. "Even though all become deserters, I will not."

Oh, Peter; think before you speak. Jesus tells him, "This very night, before the cock crows twice, you will deny me three times."

Of course, everyone on the team jumps in with "Even though I must die with you, I will not deny you." Men being manly men! They couldn't wrap their collective heads around what Jesus was telling them.

Jesus had informed his disciples they would slip and fall not just once but twice. Being the recipient of such news had to be upsetting. First, the betrayal by one of the group; second, the denial and desertion. No wonder they were so adamant to defend themselves.

Who would want to let down Jesus when he needed them the most?

NEXT
Jesus' prayer, nap-time for the disciples, and don't forget about Judas


[i] The Jewish Annotated New Testament -- p. 90
[ii] The Gospel of Mark, Barclay -- p. 360
[iii] The Weekend That Changed the World, Peter Walker -- p. 12
[iv] The Weekend That Changed the World, Walker -- p. 11

* Member of the Study Group

Friday, December 13, 2013

The "New" Covenant




Jesus has gone off-script. First, he revealed a betrayal was in the works by one of his disciples, which raised the roof on the upper room. Second, instead of following the way Passover has been reenacted by each generation, Jesus blesses the elements, then brings forward and ratifies a new covenant.

This Passover is like none other before.

And these four verses create questions. Did Jesus give the bread and cup to the disciples as his body and blood? "Take; this is my body." "This is my blood." Were his statements to be interpreted as compensatory death and satisfaction atonement? "To die or not to die" -- was that the question?

Jesus knew he was going to die. Without question. Those in opposition to his message of Good News wanted to annihilate him, and in so doing, bring death to his ministry and actions. Their grand scheme -- wipe Jesus off the face of the earth, to be forgotten like so many other "so-called Messiahs."

Ultimately, what was at stake? The fate of the kingdom of God.

At that time, the covenant between Israel and God was entirely dependent on obedience of the law -- Exodus 24:3-8. Break the law; break the covenant and thereby break the relationship with God (as judge). Failure would be the constant result. No relationship could ever truly exist and thrive.

At Passover with his disciples, Jesus introduces a new covenant -- one that isn't dependent upon the law. "He took a loaf of bread, and after blessing it, he broke it." The new covenant is "poured out for many." Not just a select few. Not just for Israel. For all of us.

Jesus will die and his blood will be shed. Yet, he also knows the new covenant is dependent on love, not the law.

Did You Know...?
The Gospel of Matthew follows the story as written by Mark (the first gospel) but adds "for the forgiveness of sins." The Gospel of Luke (composed after Matthew) adds "do this in remembrance of me."

What else is significant and can be gleaned from "the Lord's Supper" passage?

MARK makes no mention of lamb being eaten at the table, which was part of Passover. Maybe the writer was allowing for something else to be considered. Maybe it was because the "Lamb of God" was at the table.

What does the bread and cup represent beyond the body and blood of Christ? The kingdom of God.

Jesus "gave" the bread and cup to his disciples. He provided them with a gift. What does one do with a gift after receiving it? They open it, then put it to use. The gift which the disciples received, they consumed and were to live out. It opened them to new life -- no longer bound to "old." They became one with God; they identified with Jesus.

Taking the bread and cup isn't passive; it's active. By partaking in communion, the disciples will carry out Jesus' ministry and mission.

Does not the same apply to us? It's not without cost. Our lives are transformed from old to new. What "was" dies; what "is" lives.

Reflecting further on select verses (from the Gospel of John):
* "I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never be hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty." [i]
* "I have come down from heaven, not to do my own will, but the will of him who sent me." [ii]
* "Those who eat my flesh and drink my blood abide in me, and I in them." [iii]
* "This is the bread that came down from heaven, not like that which your ancestors ate, and they died. But the one who eats this bread will live forever." [iv]

The Study Group shared their thoughts about this passage, some of which included:
* "Jesus did this because of God's love for all of us." -- Brenda
* "By accepting these elements, we're responsible for paying it forward." -- Patrick
* "When I've given myself to God, I'm not #1 anymore." -- C.J.

Jesus said, "Follow me." With the bread and cup, he said, "Take." What do we do now?

NEXT
Three times
 

[i] John 6:35 (NRSV)
[ii] John 6:38 (NRSV)
[iii] John 6:56 (NRSV)
[iv] John 6:58 (NRSV)

Saturday, December 7, 2013

Leaving Nothing to Chance




The time is near.

Before the start of Passover is the first day of Unleavened Bread. "Traditionally, the day before the Festival begins is the day when the last chametz ["yeast, leaven"] must be removed from the house and burned, and from that moment on the only bread found in the house will be matzah ["unleavened bread"]. [i] (Exodus 12:15-20)

By 6 pm on Thursday, Passover would commence. Another way to look at it would be... "Friday" began on "Thursday" at 6 pm. The Temple in Jerusalem was beyond busy, as lambs were being brought to the slaughter.

"The worshipper must slay his own lamb, thereby, as it were, making his own sacrifice. But in Jewish eyes, all blood was sacred to God, because the Jew equated the blood and the life. ...Between the worshippers and the altar were two long lines of priests, each with a gold or silver bowl. As the lamb's throat was slit, the blood was caught in one of these bowls, and passed up the line, until the priest at the end of the line dashed it upon the altar." [ii]

After the carcass was flayed and parts of the lamb were extracted, the worshipper would carry the lamb home to be roasted.

In the Passover countdown, the disciples knew preparations must happen; hence, their question to Jesus, "Where do you want us to go?"

What follows indicates Jesus was leaving nothing to chance. He sent two disciples from his inner circle to the city (which Luke 22:8 reveals as Peter and John).

"...a man carrying a jar of water will meet you;..."

Seems rather straightforward, right? Not so much when carrying a jar of water was the responsibility of a woman. Seeing a man with a water-pot on his shoulder was like a flashing sign no one could miss.

"...; follow him, and wherever he enters, say to the owner of the house,..."

For two trusted disciples to follow someone to see a person they didn't know meant Jesus was in the know. And the owner knows Jesus as "The Teacher."

Did You Know...?
Some theologians believe "the owner of the house" was the writer, Mark. Later in the evening, when Jesus and the disciples left the house, Mark accompanied them to the Garden of Gethsemane.

After stating what "the Teacher" asks, the owner "will show you a large room upstairs, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there."

"The larger Jewish homes had upper rooms. Such houses looked exactly like a smaller box placed on top of a bigger box. The smaller box was the upper room, and it was approached by an outside stair, making it unnecessary to go through the main room." [iii]

Everything had been pre-arranged. Peter and John "found everything as he had told them."

Time passes. It is now after 6 pm, and Jesus and the disciples have taken their places in the upper room. Although it is marked as a Passover, the writer of the Gospel glosses over essential details of the meal. Instead Mark cuts to the quick.

"Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me, one who is eating with me."

The jaws of the disciples had to have dropped. "What are you talking about?" "What do you mean?" "No way, no how!" "Surely, it couldn't be me!" "None of us would do that!"

Through all of the astonishment and dismay, Jesus confirms their fear. How horrible to hear such bewildering news. That one of your own trusted band would even think to commit such an act.

Interestingly, none of the disciples pointed accusations at the treasurer, who wasn't from Galilee. None of them had a clue as to what Judas had set into motion (yet still had to follow-through).

Even more interesting is... Jesus could've stopped Judas in his tracks, in that very moment and in that very room. Can you imagine what would've occurred if Jesus had said, "Judas will betray me"?

Yet, Jesus shared with all of them, "...woe to that one by whom the Son of Man is betrayed! It would have been better for that one not to have been born."

Judas has been made out to be a person of darkness, born to betray Jesus. That's why Jesus let him do it. Judas was damned forever from the outset.

Consider...
* Jesus didn't name Judas.
* Jesus provided an opportunity for Judas to not follow-through with his plan.
* Jesus warned Judas about the consequences of such a choice.

To the man eating a meal with Jesus, a choice was given. Either "follow me and God" or "follow yourself." It is an example of free will.

All of us are responsible for the choices we make. In the decision-making though, do we include God in the mix?

NEXT
"My body; my blood"


[i] Jewish New Testament Commentary -- p. 78
[ii] The Gospel of Mark, Barclay -- pp. 332-333
[iii] The Gospel of Mark, Barclay -- p. 331