Thursday, June 28, 2012

Setting the Record Straight



"Thieves!!!"

More apt would be “Law-breakers!!!”  That’s what the legalistic Pharisees were calling the disciples, as well as putting Jesus in the line of fire as teacher for their behavior.

For what? Picking grain as they walked along the road? That was it?

If we're going to the moral part of the law, they weren't stealing. Leviticus 19:9,10 and Deuteronomy 23:25 state as much. "Farmers were to leave the edges of their fields unharvested so that some of their crops could be picked by travelers and by the poor." [i]

So what was the issue -- beyond the mere act of picking grain?

Key phrase and real point of contention -- "on the Sabbath" -- which elevated the accusation.

According to the Oral Torah, "39 categories of m'lakhah (work) are prohibited on Shabbat, while the Tabernacle was being built. One of those was reaping, another threshing. ...Rubbing the heads of grain together in their hands would be defined as threshing. This is the content of the accusation the P'rushim (the Pharisees) were making against them and by implication against Yeshua (Jesus)." [ii]

39 categories of work on the Sabbath was forbidden, including the preparation of a meal which crazy enough was what Jesus and his disciples did.

Silly law? Why would there be a law like this in the first place? 

To prevent farmers from becoming greedy, overworking their laborers and ignoring God on the Sabbath. Seems prudent, to a point -- past the "black and white" letter of the law -- to which Jesus would address.

Jesus shares an example of David and his companions being hungry -- 1 Samuel 21:1-6.

DID YOU KNOW?
The story of David in 1 Samuel 21:1-6 doesn't exactly match what was written by Mark. In 1 Samuel, Ahimelech was the priest who gave the bread to David. "Abiathar [in Mark 2:26] was Ahimelech's son, who later was the High-Priest during David's reign. Since Ahimelech died shortly after this incident, it's likely Mark simply added this designation to identify the well-known companion of David who later became the High-Priest, along with Zadok." [iii]

So what was going on? According to Exodus 25:30, consecrated (sacred) bread was to be set before God in the Tabernacle -- the Holy Place. "Put the bread of the Presence on this table to be before me at all time." (Exodus 25:30, NIV) More explanation is provided in Leviticus 24:5-9.

Every Sabbath, 12 baked loaves (representing the 12 tribes of Israel) were placed on the table in the Holy Place. When this act was done, the priests would in turn take and eat the old loaves. [iv]

Jesus uses this example of David and the High-Priest to make his point -- and sums it up in verse 27, "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath." The Sabbath exists to make humankind’s life better. In essence, "the showbread [the consecrated bread] was never more sacred as when it was used to feed a starving man. [v]

In verse 28, Jesus concludes with "So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath." Whoa. No he didn't! Did he?

If we go with this statement "as is," then Jesus could reject what the Pharisees were saying about the Sabbath. Why "as is"? For some, that's what Jesus said. He had the authority as the Messiah to revoke the rules of Sabbath rest. From the perspective of Jewish scholars though, it's important to consider what they believe regarding the text.

"It may be that Yeshua's comment, that the Son of Man is Lord of Shabbat, does not refer to himself but to everyone, since Hebrew ben-adam (literally, son of man) can mean simply man, person, with no Messianic overtone. People control Shabbat and not the other way around." [vi]

Either way, not to diminish the Messianic interpretation, the day of rest -- the Sabbath -- was to be looked upon as a blessing and not a burden. Regardless, those in opposition to Jesus could not be pleased or happy. He had called them out.

NEXT…
Going to the extreme; channeling anger constructively; the plot thickens



[i] Life Application Bible, NIV, pp. 1730-1731
[ii] Jewish New Testament Commentary, Stern, pp. 44-45
[iii] The MacArthur Study Bible, p. 1463
[iv] Life Application Bible, NIV, p. 1732
[v] The Gospel of Mark, Barclay, p. 60
[vi] Jewish New Testament Commentary, Stern, p. 89

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